Monetary policy and long-term interest rates: a survey of empirical literature.

This paper surveys recent empirical literature on effects of monetary policy on long-term interest rates. Most studies reviewed here suggest that tightening monetary policy results in higher long-term interest rates. But available evidence suffers from conceptual and empirical problems and fails to indicate the magnitude of short-run and long-run policy effects on long rates. Also, recent studies have not investigated the possibility of shifts in recent-year effects of monetary policy on long rates. Finally, the paper offers a policy perspective on limitations of existing evidence and suggests future research on monetary policy effects on long rates.

I. INTRODUCTION

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Monetary Aggregates Play Little Role In The Conduct Of Monetary Policy

In conventional macroeconomic thinking, the money supply is considered the main determinant of long-run inflation. A variety of monetary aggregates have been proposed to measure the money supply. Yet, nowadays, monetary aggregates play little role in monetary policy deliberations at most central banks.

A new study in the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking examines the leading arguments for assigning an important role to tracking the growth of monetary aggregates when making decisions about monetary policy. The analysis finds that none of the arguments provides a compelling reason to assign a prominent role to monetary aggregates.

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Continuing education is sought after by a number of people. Generally speaking, continuing education programs can be divided into two classes. The first is general adult education, including courses taught beyond regular postsecondary education like an undergraduate degree. Adult education can include subjects like English as a Second Language, literacy, vocational training, GED preparation, and other forms of non-traditional education. Continuing education programs in this category may or may not be taught at an accredited higher education institution; some may be taught at vocational schools or local community centers, while others may be at an accredited community college.

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