UK Monetary Policy: Does it Work

The main instrument of UK monetary policy is the use of interest rates, set by the MPC. The theory is that interest rates are very effective in controlling inflationary pressures. The relative success of meeting the government’s inflation target in the past 7 years suggests that this proves the effectiveness of monetary policy.

In brief raising interest rates helps to reduce Aggregate demand in the economy. When interest rates are raised several things are affected. Firstly those with mortgages have higher monthly payments, this reduces their disposable income and reduces their spending. Secondly there is an increased incentive to save money rather than spend. Thirdly those who have other forms of borrowing will be hit with increased interest repayments, it will also discourage people from buying on credit. Therefore in principal raising interest rates will reduce demand and prevent the economy from overheating. This enables inflationary pressures to be subdued.

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Has Monetary Policy Been So Bad That It Is Better to Get Rid of It? The Case of Mexico

MANY LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES are considering adopting the U.S. dollar as legal currency, and some, like Ecuador, have taken concrete steps in that direction. Proponents of dollarization generally hold the view that domestic monetary policy has been the primary cause for the economic instability experienced by these countries in the past three decades. Yet, at least for Mexico, very few empirical studies have tried to identify the role of monetary policy.

The existing empirical literature on Mexican monetary policy consists mainly of single equation estimations (see Calvo and Mendoza 1996 and Kamin and Rogers 1996), or of reduced-form vector autoregressions (see Copelman and Werner 1995 and Hernandez 1999).(1) The first class of models is silent on the impact of monetary policy on the rest of the economy. The second class of models, by definition, cannot identify monetary policy. In addition, all previous literature has either ignored the issue of changes in regime, or has confined itself to the study of monetary policy within regimes. This despite the fact that some of Mexico’s major crises occurred during the passage from one regime to another. A proper evaluation of the impact of monetary policy on the Mexican economy requires that these critical transition periods are considered.

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Fiscal and Monetary Policy, and How They Affect the Economy and You

The key to a smooth running economy is having sound fiscal and monetary policies. We need policies that can be changed over time to better serve our economy as a whole. The United States economy has had its ups and downs, and the economy is definitely in a downward period now, but fiscal and monetary policies can be adjusted to fit what is best for the United States. To really understand the United States economy and understand the issues arising in the news lately, an understanding of the basic concepts behind fiscal and monetary policies is necessary.

Fiscal and Monetary polices are tools that the Federal Reserve Bank, and the government uses to help keep the economy running smoothly. The United States has had periods of hard economic times since the beginning our country’s establishment. The United Stated has had recessions, but our economy has always been able to come back relatively quickly. The Great Depression during the 1930s started as a recession and bank crisis similar to today, but because of an initial lack of government presence the recession evolved to a depression. This was a big turning point of the United States government when they learned that they needed more than just fiscal policies. The United States realized that monetary policies were just as important as fiscal policies. By having both fiscal and monetary policies it would help to prevent another disaster like the Great Depression.

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